The possible pathogenesis of gingival recession baker. The prevalence, extension and severity of this clinical. Suitable conditions were thus created on the palatal aspect of the implant sockets for recession to occur. Gum recession is the process in which the margin of the gum tissue that surrounds the teeth wears away, or pulls back, exposing more of the tooth, or the tooth s root. Apr 04, 2016 gingival recession is represented by atrophic periodontal changes. Surgical techniques to correct gingival recession were introduced by norberg in 1926 by using coronally repositioned flap. Gum recession, also known as gingival recession, refers to the wearing away of gum tissue, which reveals more of the tooth. Different gingival grafting techniques have been proposed to treat gingival recession, including the lateral sliding flaps, coronally positioned flaps and connective tissue grafts, resulting in mean root coverage of 65 to 98 percent. Gingival flap surgery is a procedure in which the gums are separated from the teeth and folded back temporarily to allow a dentist to reach the root of the. Oct 02, 2012 gingival recession is the exposure of root surfaces due to apical migration of the gingival tissue margins. Gingival recession was observed in at least one dental surface in about 89% of the individuals analyzed.
Outcome at the end of this chapter the reader will be aware of the limited range of conditions that give rise to localised gingival recession and be able to recognise when referral may be prudent. Treatment of miller class iii gingival recessions with tunnel technique a subepithelial connective tissue graft was then harvested from the palate and divided into two portions to be adapted only for the recessions corresponding to 1. But untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a serious infection that destroys the soft tissue and bone that support your teeth, and eventually may cause tooth loss. Women may have an increase in gum recession during times of hormonal change such as pregnancy and menopause. Clinical case report autogenous connective tissue graft. Table 101 lists the most common causes of generalised gingival recession, but this chapter will limit discussion to recession associated with underlying systemic diseases. If you have gum recession, your dentist can help you understand the causes and recommend a treatment. Gingival recession or receding gums, is a disorder in which the roots of the teeth come to be uncovered due to the reduction or decreasing of periodontal tissue. Gingival recession an overview sciencedirect topics.
Gingival recession can be caused by periodontal disease, accumulations, inflammation, improper flossing, aggressive tooth brushing, incorrect occlusal relationships, and dominant roots. In normal conditions, a gum tissue forms to cover the bone, but if the developing bone doesnt have the normal thickness or if it is absent on one side of the tooth, the gum tissue formed this way will be thin and sensitive. Gingival recession defects extending to mucogingival junction or beyond it. American academy of periodontology 1992 the term marginal tissue recession is considered to be more accurate than gingival recession, since the marginal tissue may have been alveolar mucosa. This paper is the second in a three part series looking at the aetiology and management of gingival recession.
Gingival recession is defined as the apical migration of the gingival margin in relation to the cementoenamel junction causing root exposure. Gingival recession can be defined as the displacement of the marginal tissue apical to the cementoenamel junction cej see aap glossary of terms. They also blend in very well with the surrounding tissues to produce a harmonious result. Gum recession can be difficult to selfdiagnose in its earlier stages because the changes often occur asymptomatically and gradually. Although it rarely results in tooth loss, marginal tissue recession is associated with thermal and tactile sensitivity, esthetic complaints, and a tendency toward root caries. Records of 205 patients 162 female, 43 male were obtained from two private practice orthodontists who were careful to avoid excessive labial movement of mandibular incisors and maxillary posterior teeth. The colgate periodontal education program gingival. Gingival recession defects with bone or softtissue loss in interdental area up to cervical of root surfaces andor malpositioning of the teeth. The term atrophy makes reference to all processes of cell lesion characterized by a decrease in volume and cell population of a given organ or tissue, resulting from sublethal cell aggression, such as hypoxia, mechanical compression, local reduced vascularization, among others. Location of the gingival margin apical to the cej aap how much recession is out there. Treatment of gingival recession using coronally advanced.
When teeth are healthy, gum tissue fits around each tooth like a cuff. Use of plateletrich fibrin membrane following treatment of. Gum recession, however, can be treated by a qualified periodontist. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Jan 08, 2012 gingival recession slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Although it rarely results in tooth loss, marginal tissue recession is associated with thermal and tactile sensitivity. Gingival recession can be caused by periodontal disease, accumulations, inflammation, improper flossing, aggressive tooth brushing, incorrect. Jan 15, 2015 this chapter aims to outline the principal causes of localised gingival recession, including those associated with underlying systemic disease. In a tooth with gum recession, the gum tissue has pulled away from the tooth. The one of the common factor is faulty tooth brushing trauma. Gingival recession is defined as the apical displacement of the marginal soft tissues mucogingival complex beyond the cemento. Identifying the tissue phenotype and the reason for the implantrelated gingival recession is a vital part of treatment.
Gingival recession occurs when the location of the gingival margin lies apical to the cementoenamel junction cej, leading to exposure of the root surface figure 1. The distance between the cej and gingival margin gives the level of recession. If left untreated, the tooths roots may also be exposed. Straumann emdogain for gingival recession treatment. Gingival recession is defined as an apical displacement of soft tissues to the cementoenamel junction cej. Gum recession is a common problem in adults over the age of 40, but it may also occur starting from the age of a teenager, or around the age of 10. When gum recession occurs, pockets, or gaps, form between the teeth and gum line, making it easy for diseasecausing bacteria to build up. The recession of the gingiva is increasingly becoming a prominent condition in the oral health of many patients and should be treated at its earliest detection. Gingival recession receding gums refers to the progressive loss of gum tissue, which can eventually result in tooth root exposure if left untreated. Gum recession treatment it can be painful and ugly to have receding gums. The main purpose of this study was to estimate the potential of prf to accelerate wound healing.
Prevalence and risk indicators among young greek adults. Earlystage periodontal disease gingivitis is seldom painful and causes relatively minor signs, such as red, swollen and bleeding gums. Recession may lead to a mucogingival problem characterised by gingival inflammation in an area of limited or no attached tissue figure 2. Part 2 discussed in detail the factors affecting the outcome of periodontal surgery and the use of pedicle flaps. The colgate periodontal education program gingival recession. Gum recession can cause problems for your dental health. The presence of gingival recession amongst subjects with a good standard of oral hygiene suggests that the aetiology is complex and multifactorial joshipura et al. The etiology and prevalence of gingival recession sciencedirect. Traumatic toothbrushing is any form of toothbrush use that results in damage to the periodontal or dental tissues. Prevalence of gingival recession in dental students from. Become familiar with the causes of gingival recession and learn how the tunnel connective tissue graft technique can be used to correct it. Gingival recession is the exposure of root surfaces due to migration of the gingival margin apical to the cementoenamel junction.
Gingival recession can be localized or generalized and be associated with one or more surfaces. This chapter aims to outline the principal causes of localised gingival recession, including those associated with underlying systemic disease. Gingival recession can be caused by periodontal disease, accumulations, inflammation, improper flossing, aggressive tooth brushing, incorrect occlusal relationships. Recession of gingiva usually occurs in patients that dont have periodontitis or gum disease. A histological study of induced recession in the rat. It is a common oral health problem in adults, but teenagers are also susceptible to this condition. Gingival recession is represented by atrophic periodontal changes. Although gingival recession itself was not reported, the percentage of people with any exposed roots, the mean number of teethperson with exposed roots and the percentage of all teeth with exposed roots all increase with age showing that, regardless of the cause, gingival recession is an increasing problem with increasing age. Gum recession is the process in which the margin of the gum tissue that surrounds the teeth wears away, or pulls back, exposing more of the tooth, or the tooths root. Gingival recession classifications linkedin slideshare. The use of these procedures can lead to the formation of a stable, noninflamed band of attached gingival tissue. One of the most common esthetic concerns associated with the periodontal tissues is gingival recession.
Dealing with gum recession is essential, not just for relief, but additionally to protect the healthiness of the teeth. Diagnosis and treatment of gingival recession decisions. Gingival recession happens after a person has experienced a loss of tissue in the gum. There is no evidence on the fact that orthodontic treatment alone might induce gingival recession. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate and validate the clinical impact of prf, a platelet concentrate collecting on a fibrin membrane, in the treatment of gingival recession. This technique focuses mainly on monitoring implantrelated gingival recession. Clinical case report autogenous connective tissue graft for. Treating gingival recession over the last few years. Treatment of miller class iii gingival recessions with tunnel. Gingival recession is defined as the displacement of marginal gingiva apical to the cementoenamel junction cej. Guidelines for prevention of gingival recessions and noncarious cervical lesions as a consequence of traumatic toothbrushing guidance for dentist and dental hy gienist recommendations gingival recession can result in compromised aesthetics, dentine hypersensitivity, plaque accumulation and. Treatment of millers class i gingival recession defects using coronally advanced flap. Gingival recession is a common clinical condition, presenting in at least one or more tooth surfaces in 23% of u.
Gingival recession is defined as the displacement of the marginal tissue apical to the cementoenamel junction. These provide root coverage and thicken the gingival tissue to reduce the chance of further recession. Baker dl, seymour gj 1976 the possible pathogenesis of gingival recession. Gingival recession at single or multiple sites are treated with connective tissue grafts. Studies have shown that 50% of people between 1864 years of age have one or more sites with recession and 23. Periodontal disease pd is characterized by an inflammatory process induced by. Prominent roots growing tooth is surrounded by a layer of bone tissue. Gingival recession is associated with oral exposure of the root surface due to a displacement of the gingival margin apical to the cementoenamel junction. Gingival recession, prevalence, risk factors, young adults.
Neglected, this disorder can result in larger threat of tooth. Untreated it may cause exposed roots to become tender or infected, causing great pain to the patient. Regardless of the cause, receding gums compromise your health by creating pockets between your teeth and gums, allowing bacteria to build up. A recession is a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real gdp, real income, employment, industrial production, and. The negative effects of exposed roots may lead to dentine hypersensitivity, root caries, and poor esthetics1. Gingival recession defects not extending to mucogingival junction.
Gum recession is most common in adults over the age of 40, but the process can begin in the teenage years. Gum recession is a condition when the roots of the teeth are exposed due to the loss of gum tissue. Its causes and types, and the importance of orthodontic treatment. Gingival recession is the apical migration of gingival margin to the cementoenamel junction cej. Recession in one or more sites is reportedly present in about 88 % of people aged 65years and older, and 50% of people 5 between 1864years of age. The recession process was examined at intervals by taking transverse serial sections. One of the reasons of mucogingival surgery is to gain. Jun 07, 2017 gum recession is a major concern for many of our patients due to the poor esthetics and the possibility of sensitivity and decay. There are other factors too which contribute to the gingival recession.
Gingival recession, also known as receding gums, is the exposure in the roots of the teeth caused by a loss of gum tissue andor retraction of the gingival margin from the crown of the teeth. The most common factors that influence gingival recession are alveolar bone dehiscence, high muscle attachment, frenal pull, iatrogenic factors, hard tooth brush, traumatic tooth brushing habits, orthodontic tooth movements and periodontal disease. Most of these conditions are uncommon and patients should be referred for specialist management, rather than. Periodontal soft tissue nonroot coverage procedures patientpop. Apr 23, 20 gingival recession or receding gums, is a disorder in which the roots of the teeth come to be uncovered due to the reduction or decreasing of periodontal tissue. While almost always closely linked to gum disease, there are other explanations for receding gums. Gingival recession has direct causes and predisposing factors. Abstract stages in the pathogenesis of gingival recession were observed in rats in which pocketing had been induced by replacement of natural incisors with dental implants. Gingival recession is recognized by shrinking gums so that the roots of the teeth are being exposed. It exposes the fragile roots of the teeth to bacteria and plaque and can lead to decay.
This paper is the third in a three part series looking at the aetiology and management of gingival recession. Healthy gingival tissue forms a protective collar around a tooth. Treating gingival recession over the last few years dentistry has. Gingival recession is the exposure of root surfaces due to apical migration of the gingival tissue margins. Use of plateletrich fibrin membrane following treatment. The gingival morphology and tissue biotype have an influence on the likelihood of recession occurring. Most of these conditions are uncommon and patients should be referred for specialist management, rather than being managed in general practice. Part 1 in this series discussed the aetiology of gingival recession and the nonsurgical management. Orthodontic treatment is able to prevent recession and even contribute to its treatment, with or without periodontal approach, depending on the type and severity of gingival tissue damage. Although it rarely results in tooth loss, marginal tissue recession is associated with thermal and tactile sensitivity, esthetic complaints and a tendency toward. A new perspective in demonstrating the etiological factors of. Gingival recession introduction gingival recession is characterized by the displacement of the gingival margin apically from the cementoenamel junction, or cej, or from the former location of the cej in which restorations have distorted the location or appearance of the cej. Gingival recession financial definition of gingival recession.
The official nber definition of recession which is used to date u. Treatment of miller class iii gingival recessions with. Recession at dental implants can be treated sometimes in the. Treatment plan decided was phasei therapy followed by 4 weeks of maintenance phase after which phaseii therapy consisted of deepening of the vestibule by vestibular releasing incision to increase the width of keratinized gingiva followed sctg for recession coverage. Guidelines for prevention of gingival recessions and non. Gingival recession, exposure of the root surface due to apical migration of the gingival margin, affects a signi. There is no evidence on the fact that orthodontic treatment alone might induce gingival recession, although it might lead the affected teeth usually mandibular. How to stop gingival recession or receding gums treatment. Gum recession is a major concern for many of our patients due to the poor esthetics and the possibility of sensitivity and decay.
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